Microsurgical Lower Extremity Reconstruction in the Subacute Period: A Safe Alternative

BACKGROUND Microsurgical reconstruction of the lower extremity is an integral part of the limb salvage algorithm. Success is defined by a pain-free functional extremity, with a healed fracture and sufficient durable soft tissue coverage. Although early flap coverage of lower extremity fractures is an important goal, it is not always feasible because of multiple factors. Between the years 2000 and 2010, approximately 50% of patients at Los Angeles County and University of Southern California Medical Center requiring microsurgical reconstruction did not receive soft tissue coverage until more than 15 days postinjury secondary to primary trauma, physiologic instability, patient comorbidities, or orthopedic and plastic surgery operative backlog. The objective of our study was to evaluate outcomes in patients who underwent microsurgical reconstruction of the lower extremity, in relation to the timing of reconstruction. METHODS A retrospective chart review was performed for patients requiring immediate lower extremity reconstruction from January 2000 to December 2009 at LAC + USC. RESULTS Fifty-one patients were identified in this study. The most common mechanisms of injury were motorcycle, motor vehicle, and fall accidents. Eighty-six percent of injuries were open and 74% were comminuted. The distal 1/3 of the tibia, including the tibial pilon, was the most common location of injury. When comparing patients reconstructed in less than 15 days versus greater than or equal to 15 days, there was no significant difference in rates of flap failure, osteomyelitis, bony union, or ambulation. CONCLUSION Microsurgical reconstruction of the lower extremity in the subacute period is a safe alternative.